en Model of Social Well-being Based on Horizontal and Vertical Individualism-Collectivism: Intermediary Role of Social Problem-Solving عمومى General پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">The present study aims to show to what extent horizontal and vertical individualism and-collectivism tendencies predict social well-being, with the intermediary role of social problem-solving. For this purpose, 377 students from universities located in the capital cities of the western provinces in Iran were selected through the multistage sampling method. The Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism (</span></span><a href="#Triandis1998"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Triandis, 1998</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">), the Social Well-Being (</span></span><a href="#Keyes2004"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Keyes, 2004</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">), and the Social Problem-solving Ability (</span></span><a href="#DZurilla2002"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">D&rsquo;Zurilla et al., 2002</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) questionnaires were applied in this study. The analysis of the data, based on the formation of the causal model in the Smart PLS 3.2.8 software, shows that the general model of the project matches our data<a name="_Hlk42606209">. The results of the validity and reliability factors of the external model are optimal. In the internal model, collinearity criteria, the amounts of t, F2, and Q2 are acceptable. </a><a name="_Hlk42606623">Also, the coefficient of determination (R2) of efficient problem-solving (50.3%), inefficient problem-solving (48.3%), and social well-being (68.2%) were obtained at appropriate levels.</a></span><a name="_Hlk42606659"> In addition, the results reveal that</a></span> horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism predict social well-being through social problem-solving ability both directly and indirectly. But the horizontal collectivism does not significantly affect social problem-solving ability. Moreover, the direct relationship of efficient and inefficient problem-solving on social well-being is all meaningful (P&le;.01). Finally, the analysis of the MIPA indicates that the highest performance and importance are related to the horizontal individualism variable (69.250) and efficient problem-solving (.299), which is indicative of the implicit applicability of these results. The present study aims to show to what extent horizontal and vertical individualism and-collectivism tendencies predict social well-being, with the intermediary role of social problem-solving. For this purpose, 377 students from universities located in the capital cities of the western provinces in Iran were selected through the multistage sampling method. The Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism (<a href="#Triandis1998">Triandis, 1998</a>), the Social Well-Being (<a href="#Keyes2004">Keyes, 2004</a>), and the Social Problem-solving Ability (<a href="#DZurilla2002">D&rsquo;Zurilla et al., 2002</a>) questionnaires were applied in this study. The analysis of the data, based on the formation of the causal model in the Smart PLS 3.2.8 software, shows that the general model of the project matches our data<a name="_Hlk42606209">. The results of the validity and reliability factors of the external model are optimal. In the internal model, collinearity criteria, the amounts of t, F2, and Q2 are acceptable. </a><a name="_Hlk42606623">Also, the coefficient of determination (R2) of efficient problem-solving (50.3%), inefficient problem-solving (48.3%), and social well-being (68.2%) were obtained at appropriate levels.</a><a name="_Hlk42606659"> In addition, the results reveal that</a> horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism predict social well-being through social problem-solving ability both directly and indirectly. But the horizontal collectivism does not significantly affect social problem-solving ability. Moreover, the direct relationship of efficient and inefficient problem-solving on social well-being is all meaningful (P&le;.01). Finally, the analysis of the MIPA indicates that the highest performance and importance are related to the horizontal individualism variable (69.250) and efficient problem-solving (.299), which is indicative of the implicit applicability of these results. social problem-solving (efficient & inefficient), horizontal and vertical individualism-collectivism, social well-being social problem-solving (efficient & inefficient), horizontal and vertical individualism-collectivism, social well-being 10 53 http://ijpb.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Shiva Amelirad Shiva Amelirad 10031947532846001132 10031947532846001132 No Department of Psychology Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. Department of Psychology Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. Hamzeh Ahmadian Hamzeh Ahmadian ahmadian2012@gmail.com 10031947532846001133 10031947532846001133 Yes Department of Psychology Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Department of Psychology Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Hasan Gharibi Hasan Gharibi 10031947532846001134 10031947532846001134 No Department of Psychology Payamnuor University Sanandaj, Iran. Department of Psychology Payamnuor University Sanandaj, Iran. Jalil Sahabi Jalil Sahabi 10031947532846001135 10031947532846001135 No Department of Socioology Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Department of Socioology Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran